Project MKUltra
(1) Project MKUltra , Also Called The CIA Mind Control Program ,Is The Code Name Given To Program Of Experiments On Human Subject,At Time Illegal .
Designed And Understand By The United Sates (Central Intelligence Agency)
Experiments On Humans Were Intended To Identify And Develop Drugs And Procedure To Be Used In Interrogations And Torture In Order To Weaken The Individual To Force Confessions Through Mind Control Organized Through The Scientific Intelligence Division Of the CIA,The Project Coordinated With The Special Operation Division Of The U.S Army's Chemical Corps
The Operation Began In The Early 1950s ,Was Officially Sanctioned In 1953,Was Reduced In Scope In 1964,Further Curtailed In 1967 ,And Officially Halted In 1973.The Program Engaged In Many Illegal U.s .And Canadian Citizens As Its Test Subject ,Which Led To Controversy Regarding Its Legitimacy .MKUltra Used Numerous Methods To Manipulate People's Mental States And Alter Brain Functions,Including The Surreptitious Administration Of Drugs Especially LSD And Other Chemicals ,Hypnosis ,Sensory Deprivation ,Isolation And Verbal Abuse,As Well As Other Forms Of Psychological Torture
The scope Of Project MKUltra Was Broad,With Research Undertaken At 80 Institutions,Including 44 Colleges And Universities ,As Well As Hospitals ,Prisons,And Pharmaceutical Companies .The CIA Operated Through These Institution Using Front Organizations ,Although Sometimes Top Officials At These Institutions Were Aware Of The CIA's Involvement .As The US Supreme court Later Noted In CIA V.Sims 471 U.S . 159(1985).
MKULTRA Was.
Concerned With "The
Research And Development
Of Chemical ,Biological,And
Radiological Materials
Capable Of Employment In
Clandestine Operation To
Control Human Behavior."
The Program Consisted Of
Some 149 Subprojects
Which The Agency
Contracted Out To Various
Universities ,Research
Foundation ,And Similar
Institution,At Least 80
Institution And 185
Private Researchers
Participated ,Because The Agency Founded MKUltra Indirectly ,Many If The
Participating Individuals
Were Unaware That They
Were Dealing With The Agency
Although The Supreme Court
Sided With The CIA That Sources Name Could Be Redacted For Their Protection ,It none The Less Validated The Existence Of MKUltra To Be Used In Future Court Cases And Confirmed That The CIA For 14 Years Performed Clandestine Experiments On Human Behaviour.
Between 1953 And 1966.
The Central Intelligence
Agency Financed A wide-ranging
Project,code
Named MKULTRA,
Concerned With The
Research And Development
Of Chemical,Biological ,
And Radiological Materials
Capable Of Employment In
Clan Destine Operation To Control Human Behavior.
Project MKUltra was First Brought To Public Attention In 1975 By The Church Committee Of The U.S.Congress ,And A Gerald Ford Commission To Investigate CIA Activities With In The United States.Investigative Efforts Where Hampered By The Fact That CIA Director Richard Helms Ordered All MKUltra Files Destroyed In 1973:The Church Committee And Rockefeller Commission Investigations Relied On The Sworn Testimony Of Direct Participants And On The Relatively Small Number Of Documents That Survived Helms's Destruction Order.
In 1977, A Freedom Of Information Act Request Uncovered A cache Of 20,000 Documents Relating To Project MKUltra,Which Led To Senate Hearings Later That Same Year.In July 2001,Some Surviving Information Regarding MKUltra Was Declassified .
DEATH
Given The CIA's Purposeful Destruction Of Most Records,Its Failure To Follow Informed Consent Protocols With Thousands Of Participants ,The Uncontrolled Nature Of The Experiments,And The Lack Of Follow .Up Data,The Full Impact Of MKUltra Experiments ,Including Death, May Never Be known.
Several Known Deaths Have Been Associated With Project MKUltra , Most Notably That Of Frank Olson.Olson,a United states Army Biological Weapons Researcher,Was Given LSD Without His Knowledge Or Consent In November,1953,As Part Of CIA Experiment And Committed Suicide By Jumping Out Of A Window A Week Later.A CIA Doctor Assigned To Monitor Oslon Claimed To Have Been Asleep In Another Bed In New York City Hotel Room When Oslon Exited The Window And Fell Thirteen Stories To His Death.In 1953,Olson's Death Was Described As A Suicide That Had Occurred During A Severe Psychotic Episode.The CIA's Own Internal Investigation Concluded That The Head Of MKUltra,CIA Chemist Sidney Gottlieb ,Had Conducted The LSD Experiment With Olson's Prior Knowledge, Although Neither Olson Nor The Other Men Talking Part In The Experiment Were Informed As To The Exact Nature Of The Drug Until Some 20 Minutes After Its Ingestion The Report Further Suggested That Gottlieb Was Nonetheless Due A Reprimand,As He Had Failed To Take Into Account Olson's Already Diagnosed Suicidal Tendencies,Which Might
Have Been Exacerbated By The LSD.
The Olson Family Disputes The Official Version Of Event.They Maintain That Frank Olson Was Murdered Because, Especially In The Aftermath Of His LSD Experience,He Had Become A
Security Risk Who Might Divulge State Secrets Associated With Highly Classified CIA
Programs,About Many Of Which He Had Direct Personal Knowledge.A Few Days Before His
Death,Frank Olson Quit His Position As Acting Chief Of The Special Operation Division At
Detrick,Maryland(Later Fort Detrick )Because Of A Severe Moral Crisis Concerning The Nature
Of His Biological Weapons Research.Among Olson's Concerns Were The Development Of Assassination Materials Used By The CIA.The CIA's Use Of Biological Warfare Materials In
Covert Operations,Experimentation With Biological Weapons In Populated Areas,Collaboration With Former Nazi Scientists Under Operation Paperclip,LSD Mind-Control Research,And The Use Of Psychoactive Drug During "Terminal"Interrogations Under A Program Code-Named Project Artichoke.Later Forensic Evidence Conflicted With The Official Version Of Event;When Olson's Body Was Exhumed In 1994,Cranial Injuries Indicated That Olson Had Been Knocked Unconscious Before He Exited The Window.The Medical Examiner Termed Olson's Death A"Homicide"In 1975,
Olson's Family Received A $750000 Settlement From The U.S Government And formal Apologies
From Presidents Gerald Ford And CIA Director William Colby, Though Their Apologies Were Limited To Informed Consent Issue Concerning Olson's Ingestion Of LSD.On 28 November 2012,The Olson Family Filed Suit Against The U.S.Federal Government For The wrongful Death Of Frank Olson.
A 2010 Book By H.P. Albarelli Jr.Alleged That The 1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit Mass Poisoning Was Part Of MKDELTA,That Olson Was Involved In That Event,And That He Was Eventually Murdered By The CIA.However, Academic Sources Attribute The Incident To Ergot Poisoning Through A Local Bakery
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